'    •V|^«.V^ifw 


KING'S     HOSTEL 

TRINITY    COLLEGE,    CAMBRIDGE 


I 


I 


KING'S     HOSTEL 

TRINITY    COLLEGE,     CAMBRIDGE 

Vf^ith    Plans    and   Illustrations 


AN    EXAMINATION    OF   THE    HISTORY    OF    KING'S    HALL 

WITH    SPECIAL    REFERENCE   TO   THE    ANCIENT 

BUILDINGS    RECENTLY    DISCLOSED 


BY 

W.     D.     CAROE,     M.A.,     F.S.A. 

TRINITY      COLLEGE,      CAMBRIDGE 


A    PAPER    READ    BEFORE    THE    CAMBRIDGE    ARCH^OLOGICAL 

SOCIETY,   MARCH    2nd,    1908,   AMPLIFIED    BY   NUMEROUS 

ADDITIONS   AND    EXTRACTS    FROM   THE    KING'S 

HALL   ACCOUNT   BOOKS 


CAMBRIDGE  : 

PRINTED    FOR    THE     MASTER    AND     FELLOWS    OF    TRINITY    COLLEGE 

1909 


TO 

J.  w.  c. 

AND 

J.  w.  c. 


ILLUSTRATIONS   IN   TEXT 


Frontispiece.     King's  Hostel  (as  at  present) 

Fig.      1.     Site  plan  (from  Willis  and  Clark)     . 

Bowling  Green  Front  (before  recent  works) 
From  Lyne's  Map  of  Cambridge  (1.574)     . 
From  Hammond's  Map  of  Cambridge  (1592) 
From  Loggan's  Map  of  Cambridge  (1688) 
Loggan's  View  of  Trinity  College  (c.  1688) 
Enlargement  from  Loggan'.s  View  (c.  1688) 
Doors  and  windows.     North  end 
Ancient  features  of  East  wall     . 
Tlie  Master's  Garderobe  recess  . 
Window  of  earlier  period    . 

\-2.     AVindow  of  later  period 

13.     The  Transverse  Wall  . 

Doors  towards  the  Cloister 
Blocked  doorway  to  Bowling  Green 
Remains  of  Master's  Stairs 
Ancient  door  found  in  situ 
Bowling  Green  pas.sage 
The  Vice  or   Vt/si- 
Ancient  Mantelpiece  (completed) 
Entrance  by  St  John's  boundary 
Entrance  door       .... 
Doorway  in  Xovile's  Hall    . 

„  Old  Divinity  School 

2-5.     Dr  Bentley's  Laboratory  windows 

26.     Fireplace  in   Bursary    . 


2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 


14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 


2 

8 
9 
10 
10 
11 
12 
12 
13 
13 
14 
14 
14 
14 
15 
15 
16 

It; 

16 
17 
17 

17 
IS 
bs 
19 
19 


PLATES   AT   END 


A.  Various  Details 

B.  Tlie  Bowling  Green  Front  (as  at  present) 

C.  „  „  (suggested  restoration) 

D.  Sections  shewing  ancient  work 

E.  Ground  Flcjor  plan  (as  remodelled) . 

F.  First  Floor  plan  „ 

G.  Second  Floor  plan  „ 
H.  Ground  Floor  plan  (before  recent  works) 
J.  First  Floor  plan              „ 
K.  Second  Floor  plan           „  „ 
L.  Back  Elevation                 „  ., 


I'AOE 

24 

2ri 

26 

27 

28,  29 

:?0,  31 

32,  33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE 


No  historical  notice  of  any  of  the  Collegiate  buildings  of  Cambridge  can  in  future 
take  shape  without  some  reference  to  Messrs  Willis  and  Clark's  admirable  Architectural 
Histor}'.  That  book  holds  the  same  place  ia  Collegiate  History  as  Professor  Willis' 
masterly  works  upon  Canterbury  hold  in  Cathedral  and  Monastic  History.  It  is  an 
example  for  all  time  as  to  how  such  architectural  history  should  be  written. 
The  following  enquiry  bases  itself  upon  Messrs  Willis  and  Clark's  researches,  to  which 
I  desire  to  offer  the  fullest  acknowledgment  at  the  outset.  To  the  Registrar  of  the 
University  I  accord  also  my  grateful  thanks  for  the  ready  and  effectual  assistance  he 
has  given  me,  by  placing  at  my  disposal  his  admirable  collection  of  maps  and  drawings, 
including  Professor  Willis'  plans  of  the  site,  drawn  by  his  own  hand.  He  has  also 
handed  over  to  my  keeping,  while  preparing  these  notes,  a  volume  of  his  own  and  his 
uncle's  extracts  from  the  26  volumes  of  King's  Hall  accounts  in  the  College  Library, 
whereby  my  task  of  making  search  for  relevant  entries  has  been  made  easy.  To  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  Fellows  of  the  College  for  their  recovered  inheritance  of  antiquity,  I 
owe  much,  and  especially  to  Mr  Innes,  Mr  Capstick  and  Dr  Fletcher,  who  have  assisted 
me  in  numerous  ways.  To  his  other  kind  offices  Mr  Capstick  has  added  invaluable 
help  in  connection  with  the  illustrations. 

Messrs  Willis  and  Clark  have  been  able,  by  their  careful  searching  of  records  and 
muniments,  to  work  out  the  documentary  History  of  the  site  and  buildings  of  King's 
Hall,  and  by  a  difficult  examination  of  the  remnants  of  this  part  of  the  College,  while 
still  swathed  in  its  bald  clothing  of  1791,  have  succeeded  in  laying  down  the  general 
form  of  the  buildings  as  they  existed  before  the  erection  of  the  present  Chapel  in 
15.56,  and  before  Dr  Neville  completed  the  Great  Court  in  its  existing  form,  and  in 
that  operation  removed  the  so-called  Edwardian  Tower  to  its  second  position,  that  in 
which  we  now  find  it. 

For  many  years  after  Willis'  plan  was  made,  the  features  of  the  building  remained  in 
hiding  until  the  College  in  190-5,  largely  due  to  the  initiative  of  Dr  Fletcher,  Fellow, 
took  in  hand  their  disclosure,  and  entrusted  me  with  the  direction  of  that  interesting 
work. 

Those  who  wish  to  sift  exhaustively  the  history  of  the  site  and  earlier  buildings,  and 
their  general  relation  to  St  John's  College  on  the  one  hand  and  the  House  of  Robert 
de  Croyland,  Rector  of  Oundle,  on  the  other,  must  be  referred  to  ilessrs  Willis  and 
Clark's  fascinating  enquiry.  On  page  456,  vol.  2,  is  an  illuminating  plan  (fig.  1),  wherein 
the  old  work,  as  traced  out  originally  by  Professor  Willis,  and  modified  by  Mr  Clark's 
further  researches,  is  clearly  delineated.  We  shall  find  that  this  plan  exhibits  its 
authors'  remarkable  perspicacity  in  sifting  an  abstruse  problem.  It  needs  however  a 
little    modification   to   meet    our   later  knowledge,  obtained   by  the   process  of  divesting 

1 


2  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

the  ancient   building   of  its   brick   overcoat,  and   collating   the  results  with  the  docu- 
mentar}'  evidences.     (Plate  M,  p.  38'.) 


£   10     30      JO     tC 


«0     70     9V     90 


SCAL£  CF  Fee  t. 

Fig.  1.     Site  plan.     (From  Willis  and  Clark.) 

The  following  brief  notes  may  be  useful. 

In    1336    King   Edward  III  purchased  the  House   of  Robert  de  Croyland  which  gave 

accommodation  for  32  scholars,  and  the  position  and  extent  of  this  building  have  been 

very  clearly  laid  down  in  Willis  and  Clark's  plan. 

In    1338-9,  the   King   instituted   negotiations   for   the  purchase  of  additional  land  and 

tenements  adjoining  the  High  Street,  together  with  lands  running  westward  to  the  river. 

'  The  Key  plan,  Plate  M,  is  so  bound  at  the  end  that  it  can  be  always  in  front  of  the  reader. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,  TRINITY   COLLEGE  3 

These  included  the  house  and  garden  of  Edmund  de  Walsinghani,  which  was  repaired 
in  134()-7,  and  money  spent  in  purchasing  utensils,  lead,  and  other  necessaries  for  a 
Brewery.  He  condoned  the  Warden  and  Scholars  for  having  aciiuired  without  license 
part  of  the  lane  adjoining  St  John's.  These  various  purchases  were  completed  in  1347, 
but  it  was  not  until  1870  that  the  purchase  of  William  Atte  Conduit's  House,  which 
occupied  the  piece  of  land  now  forming  the  approach  to  the  Great  CJate,  completed  the 
acquisition  of  all  the  property  available  and  necessary  for  the  enlargement  of  the  College. 
In  attempting  to  locate  the  various  buildings,  we  have  three  sources  of  information, 
which  have  to  be  carefully  sifted  and  collated. 

(1)  The  Building  and  Bursarial  accounts  in  the  College   Library   and   documents  in 

the  Rolls  office. 

(2)  Maps  of  Cambridge. 

(3)  The  Buildings  themselves. 

In  1375,  Richard  Ronhale  being  Warden,  the  new  buildings  were  commenced,  just,  be 
it  noted,  when  the  so-called  "  Perpendicular "  style  of  Architecture  was  on  the  eve  of 
full  development  out  of  the  previous  manner.  The  work  proceeded  slowly  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  new  Hall  and  Chambers,  which  were  not  completed  till  1390,  in  the 
Wardenship  of  Thomas  Hethersete. 

From  the  Rolls  series  of  accounts,  137.5-7,  one  of  these  chambers  was  a  Solar,  and 
although  not  at  first  specifically  referred  to  as  such,  it  was  evidently  the  same  as  the 
Master's  Chamber,  which  is  subsequently  frequently  mentioned.  This  chamber  had  a 
garderobe  attached,  as  we  learn  from  the  following  entry  from  the  College  Accounts. 

"  1416-7.     Item  pro  Mundacione  latrine  camere  magi.stri  sij""." 

We  also  learn  that  the  Master's  Chamber  was  on  the  1st  floor,  by  entries  relating  to 
its  roof,  and  other  even   more   direct  evidence. 

The  recent  discovery  of  the  latrine  and  numerous  subsequent  entries  leave  no  doubt 
whatever  that  the  Master's  Chamber  was  the  3rd  room  on  the  1st  floor  of  the  West 
range,  counting  from  the  St  John's  boundary.     (Plate  M,  p.  38.) 

In  13S6-7  the  timbering  for  the  new  Kitchen  was  prepared;  a  Lardary  was  erected  in 
13S7  on  the  East  side  of  it  and  there  are  numerous  records  of  the  building  being 
carried  forward  up  to  1395  when  the  Kitchen  chimney  stack,  "  le  coporowne,"  is  con- 
structed. A  Solar  with  a  covered  staircase  leading  to  it  was  constructed  on  the  West 
.side  of  the  Kitchen,  which  is  subsequently  designated  the  Squire's  Chamber.  As  it  is 
quite  clear  from  subsequent  documents  relating  to  the  building  of  the  first  chapel,  that 
the  Kitchen  occupied  the  East  range  and  abutted  on  St  John's,  this  Solar  would 
project  out  into  the  court  as  we  shall  find  hereafter  indicated  on  Loggan's  map'.  The 
gutter  between  its  roof  and  that  of  the  Kitchen  is  referred  to  in  1424. 

"Pro  emendacione  unius  gutter  intereciquinam  et  cameram  eidem  coquine  anne.xaiu  voc'  le  squyers- 
chaiimbre  iij^  !J''.'\ 

In  1398  we  come  across  an  interesting,  but  in  its  references  to  a  certain  wall  along  the 
boundary,  a  somewhat  obscure  agreement,  which  had  for  its  object  the  protection  of  the 
privacy  of  the  Master  and  Brethren  of  St  John's  fiom  tiie  prying  eyes  of  the  M;ister 
and  Scholars  of  King's  Hall.  Glazed  windows,  obviously  of  obscured  glass,  were  allowed 
in  the  wall,  but  if  the  glass  were  broken,  it  was  to  be  repaired  within  one  month  under 
penalty  of  40f/.      The  wall  in  question  must,  I  think,  have   stretched  115  ft.  from   the 

1  See  fig.  5,  p.  10. 


4  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

North   end    of   the    Kiteheu    towards    the    River,  as   indicated   on   my  plan.     (Plate  M, 

p.  38.) 

In  1394,  the  works  to  the  Hail  &c.  are  approaching  completion  as  we  learn   from    the 

entry 

"Item  pro  poyntyng  aule  et  camerarum  anexar  xviij'  iiij''." 
A  lavatory  and  porch  were  added  to  the  buildings  in  1399,  and  we  shall  find  frequent 
entries  as  to  the  water  works  in  connection  with   the   former.     For  instance  in  1413  a 
"fistula  plumbea"  weighing  20  lbs.  is  added. 

A  Pistrinum  which  comprised  something  rather  more  than  a  Bakehouse,  and  probably 
included  the  Panaria  or  pantry,  begun  in  1411,  took  4  years  to  erect.  The  Pantry  was 
one  of  the  buildings  situated  round  the  Cloister  Court,  and  must  have  occupied  a  posi- 
tion such  as  I  have  indicated.  The  accounts  in  relation  to  this  Pistrinum  are  so  full 
and  interesting,  that  we  may  dwell  a  little  upon  them.  A  selection  of  the  items  is 
printed  in  Appendix  B  (p.  22).  We  have  stone  from  Barrington  and  Hinton,  clunch 
from  Burwell,  hurdles  and  binding  for  the  scaffold,  oak  trees  from  the  Prior  of  Stoke, 
studs  and  roof  braces  (joppys),  jambs,  voussoirs,  hearth  and  oven  linings  (questys)  and 
the  Master  of  the  Works  is  one  John  Dodyngton  who,  with  his  wife  and  assistant,  is 
housed  and  fed. 

Stone,  slates  properly  tapered  and  holed,  as  good  as  or  better  than  any  yet  brought  to 
Cambridge,  come  from  Stamford.  Slaters  to  lay  them  are  brought  up  from  the  College 
livings  of  Grendon  and  Felmersham.  Henry  Thee  of  Barrington  warrants  the  stone  free 
from  any  lesions  whatever  and  in  ill  weather  they  cover  up  the  walls  with  a  thatch  of 
straw.  They  buy  floorboarding  and  send  Richard  Wryte  on  horseback  to  Brandon 
Ferry  to  view  it.  The  enthusiasm  seems  to  be  such  that  three  of  the  scholars  each  sub- 
scribe the  cost  of  their  entrance  feasts,  20s.,  towards  the  work.  A  Dovecot  is  erected 
at  the  same  time  and  stocked  with  pigeons.  It  was  probably  in  the  West  Garden. 
(Plate  M,  p.  38.) 

In  1416,  Richard  Young,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  subscribes  £20  towards  the  new  Library, 
which,  with  the  chambers  between  it  and  the  Master's  Chamber,  is  begun  and  com- 
pleted in  1422.  There  is  a  gap  therefore  of  about  30  years  between  the  completion 
of  the  Master's  Chamber  and  the  Chambers  adjoining  it  which  should  be  noted. 
King's  Hall  already  possessed  a  Library,  which  is  referred  to  in  the  Wall  agreement 
with  St  John's  as  being  on  the  boundary. 
In  1394-5  we  have  also  an  entry  of 

"  Expense  circa  librariam." 
Chains,  wax,  a  key,  a  hangedax  (or  latch)  and  staples  and  brass  for  the  books  &c.  are 
detailed.     There  is   no  notice   of  its   erection  and  Willis   and   Clark  make   the    shrewd 
assumption  that  it  was  probably  located   in  one   of  the   acquired  houses.      It  was  un- 
questionably on  the  Johnian  boundaiy  like  its  successor. 

The  actual  position  of  the  "new"  Library,  specifically  so  designated,  and  commenced 
in  1416,  is  one  of  special  interest  to  us  in  connection  with  our  existing  range  of 
buildings,  but  I  do  not  think  I  shall  long  leave  any  doubts  as  to  where  it  was.  The 
following  entries  are  of  first  importance, 

1416-7.     "Expense  facte  circa  novam  librariam  et  camere  contigue," 
a  piece  of  infamous  Latinity.      Chambers  were  thus  erected  adjoining  the  Library  and 
at  the  same  time. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE  5 

1416-7.       "  Item    datur    ilniijui    saiicti    Jdhannis    pro    fuiulaniento    parietis    librarie    et    camero. 
vj"  viij'i." 

6s.  ad.  is  paid  St  John's  tor  leave  to  erect  the  fouutlations  of  the  Library  and  0)ie 
chamber.  Clearly  therefore  the  Library  and  one  of  the  Chambers  abutted  on  th(! 
St  John's  boundary.  No  doubt  this  fresh  agreement  was  entered  into  because  the  Wall 
already  erected  by  agreement  between  the  two  Colleges  had  to  be  interfered  with. 

1417-8.     "Expense  facte  circa  novam  librariaiu  et  cameras  contigues  oaiucre  magistri." 

These  chambers  therefore  also  adjoined  the  Master's  chamber. 

Now    let    us    turn    again    to    the    plan.     (Plate    M,    p.  38.)      We    have    the    Library  on 

the    St   John's  boundary  occupying  the   North   range,  and   the   two  sets  of  contiguous 

chambers,  one  of  them   also   on   the   St  John's   boundary,  the   other  contiguous  to  the 

Master's  chamber.      In  point  of   architectural  style  the   Master's  chamber  is  just  about 

20 — 30  years  the   earlier.      If  we  want  further  corroboration  we  have  it. 

Under  date  1416-7  we  have  this  entry, 

"  Item  pro  x  nowelles  pro  gradibus  xv'." 

Now  for  an  ordinary  vice  or  circular  newelled  staircase,  ten  steps  are  very  few  iu 
number.  But  this  exactly  fits  our  vice  between  these  two  chambers  in  which  we  were 
able  to  trace  each  individual  step.  John  Dodyngton  was  still  Master  of  the  Works 
which  meant  Architect  in  those  dajs. 

Intimately  intermingled  with  the  same  accounts  and  evidently  forming  part  of  the  same 
building,  we  find  details  of  the  erection  of  a  wooden  cloister. 

1416-7.     "Item  pro  j  magno  ligno  ad  platys  et  tribus  postelli.s  pro  claustro  xxiij*  iiij*." 
1418-9.     "  Convenoiones   pro   nova   edificatione.     In   primi.s   conveutum   est  cum  stephano  Sturion 
be  Bokyng  ad  habend',  eertum  meremium  pro  tecto  novarum  camerarum  et  pro  ij  lateribus  claustri." 

From  which  we  gather  the  cloister  had  two  ranges,  and  that  it  was  being  constructed 
at  the  same  time  as  the  roofs  of  the  new  chambers.  There  is  no  direct  mention  of  it 
in  connection  with  the  Library. 

We  are  now  introduced  in  the  same  batch  of  entries  to  a  fresh  element  of  interest, 
viz.  an  Oratory, 

"Item  conventum  est  cum  predicte  stephano  ad  habend'  quoddam  aliud  meremium  pro  oratorio." 

This   Oratory  was,  as  we  shall  see,  constructed  of  wood  in  immediate  connection  with 
the  Cloister.     Now  where  was  it  ? 
Under  1419-20,  we  have  the  heading, 

"  Expense  facte  circa  novam  edificationem  claustri," 

and  we  have  three  full  pages  of  particulars,  which  comprise  the  work  to  the  Oratory 
in  direct  connection  with  that  to  the  Cloister.  Carpenters  and  slaters  are  employed. 
There  are  eaves  to  the  buildings.  Some  part  of  them,  probably  the  Cloister,  is  covered 
witli  lead.  The  Oratory  has  angle  studs  or  posts,  and  the  windows  are  constructed  of 
wood,  and  204  lbs.  of  ironwork  in  stanchions  and  saddlebars  are  used  in  connection  with 
them.  From  the  large  number  of  laths  used  it  is  clear  that  a  considerable  part  of 
the  buildings  must  have  been  half  timbered ; 
"  Item  pro  V  Mill  XC  de  latthys  xl^" 

From  subsequent  entries,  we  learn  that  the  Oratory  had  a  roof,  i.e.  there  was  no 
chamber  over  it. 


6  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

1452-3.     "  It'.     Solutuni  est  tegulario  pro  emendacione  oratorij.  111*." 
1470-1.     "It'.     Pro  emendacione  tecti  caniere  ruagi.stri  et  aule  et  oratorii." 

In  1421-2  the  Library  was  fitted  up  and  finished,  as  we  find  accounts  for  its  interior 
fittings,  and  for  skins  and  other  materials  for  bookbinding,  very  interesting  in  them- 
selves. 

In  1422-3,  painted  hangings  at  the  considerable  expense  of  26s.  Sd.  are  provided  for 
the  Oratory  and  in  1424-5,  it,  and  the  parlour  are  wainscotted.  Wood  for  the  Altar 
had  been  purchased  some  time  before.  The  King  pays  a  visit  and  we  find  under  the 
heading,  "  Expense  extravagantos," 

"  Pro  j  jiavi  organorum  pro  inissa  rcgia  xc*." 

In  1424-5  we  find  mention  of  a  little  parlour  (parloriolum)  which  I  cannot  locate. 
In  1426-7,  the  Parlour  is  glazed  and  paved  with  tiles.  The  number  of  tiles  used, 
though  stated,  is  not  clear.  Mr  Clark  is  doubtful,  Willis  reads  it  500,  which  I  cannot 
reconcile  with  the  script.  The  few  tiles  found  were  4^"  x  4i",  and  500  would  cover  a  room 
scarcely  8  ft.  6  inches  square,  which  could  hardly  be  designated  a  parlour.  500  tiles 
10^''  X  10^",  a  not  unusual  size,  would  just  pave  the  new  Bursary  and  it  is  of  course 
quite  possible  that  the  room  had  been  retiled.  In  any  case  it  is  safe  to  assume  that 
the  room  was  on  the  ground  floor  In  Ed.  VI  statutes,  we  find  reference  to  "  the 
parlour  on  the  ground  floor  within  the  old  cloister"  which  was  reserved  for  an  audit 
room.  Such  the  Bursary  remained  until  Dr  Bentley's  time  and  there  can  be  little  doubt 
as   to  the  identification  of  the  room  with  its  important  fireplace. 

We  may  fitly  here  trace  the  further  references  in  the  documents  to  the  Cloister  and 
Oratory.  Cardinal  Beaufort,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  pays  a  visit  in  1428-9  and  the 
Breviary  in  the  Oratory  is  repaired. 

In  1448-9.     "If  pro  hostio  facto  ad  latrinam  prope  librarian!,    xvij''." 

"  For  the  doorway  made  into  the  latrine  adjoining  the  Library  "  an  important  entry  for 
us,  as  we  shall  see.     At  the  same  date  the  Cloister  had  a  tiled  pavement  introduced. 
In  1452-3  the  gutters  of  the  Cloister  were  repaired. 
"  It'  pro  emendacione  de  gutter.s  infra  claustrum  xviii''." 

In  this  year  we  have  three  important  entries.  One  of  them  refers  to  the  lattice 
windows  of  a  deambulatorium,  the  only  mention  of  such  a  feature.  The  other  two 
relate  respectively  to  the  repair  of  the  Oratory  roof  (already  quoted)  and  to  the  repair 
of  the  Lavatory  in  the  Cloister.      I  therefore  quote  here  the  first  and  last. 

"  It'  pro  factura  x  lateys  in  deambulatorio  inter  capellam  et  librarium  v*." 
"  In  reparacione  lavacri  in  clanstro." 

The  new  chapel  was  not  begun  until  1465,  so  the  capella  here  mentioned  must  be  the 
Oratory  between  which  and  the  Library  was  a  deambulatory  or  gallery.  The  word 
can  be  used  for  a  cloister,  but  it  .seems  quite  clear  that  it  is  distinct  from  the  cloister 
here,  and  if  so,  must  have  been  a  gallery  on  the  1st  floor.  That  there  was  such  a 
gallery,  the  important  doors  opening  into  it  prove,  and  I  can  only  conclude,  taking 
this  and  other  evidence  into  account,  that  both  Library  and  Oratory  were  either  on  the 
1st  floor  or  had  galleries  in  them,  which  were  connected  by  this  deambulatorium.  The 
connecting  ambulatory  was  thus  not  glazed,  as  we  see,  until  1452-3. 
The  further  documentary  history  of  King's  Hall  need  not  detain  us  long.  It  comprises 
the  erection  of  King  Edward's  Gateway  in  1426-37  and  a  range  of  buildings  extending 
southwards  from  those  we  are  considering,  and  connecteil  up  to  the  Gateway. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE  7 

A  Tower  uear  the  New  Gate  was  erected  in  14'38-41,  in  part  at  the  expense  of  the  Gustos, 

who  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  Master. 

A  watercourse  from   the   Kitchen   and    Buttery   draining  to   the   River  is   mentioned   in 

1448-9. 

In  1464  a  new  Chapel  was  begun,  the  site  of  whicli   to  the  eastward  of  the  buttery 

and    separated    from    it    by    a    set    of    Chambers,    Messrs    Willis    and    Clark    were    able 

accurately  to  define  from   measurements  given  in   documents  dated    1.511-6   relating  to 

a  dispute  with  St  John's  College. 

The    construction    of  this    new    Chapel   languished  and   during  the  delays   the   Oratory 

was   repaired.     Painters   were   employed   in    1469-70  and   1470-1    upon   it   many   weeks 

and  money  was  spent  upon  the  organ,  the  plural  being  used  as  usual. 

We  find  under  the  heading,  "Expense  circa  oratorium," 

"In  primis  solut'  est  picturi  pro  paniiu  ad  altari  pict"  v'." 
The  repair  of  the  roof  at  this  date  has  been  already  recorded. 

"  Item  ill  pauno  lineo  ad  picturam  xiiij'  iiij''." 
1472-3.     "  In  priniis  pro  reparacione  orgaiioruni  v^." 

Progress  on  the  larger  Chapel  was  resumed  in  1479  and  the  work  completed  in  1485, 
but  the  consecration  did  not  take  place  until  1498-9.  In  1518  the  Great  Gate  was 
begun,  but  not  completed  until  1535.  In  1556-7  the  present  Marian  Chapel  superseded 
the  older  one.  Finally  in  1600  the  Edwardian  Gate  was  shifted  to  its  present  position. 
Here  may  be  fitly  ijuoted  an  illuminating  extract  from  the  Statutes  of  Ed.  VI, 
1552,  already  alluded  to,  wherein  the  allocation  of  the  various  parts  of  King's  Hall,  all 
then  completed  including  the  Great  Gate,  is  specified.  The  Master's  Chambers,  it 
should  be  noted,  are  still  the  old  ones  we  have  already  identified ;  the  new  Lodge 
is  not  yet  commenced.  The  orchard  lies  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Chapel,  and 
there  is  a  garden,  a  walled  enclosure,  and  a  pigeon  house  between  the  buildings  and 
the  river.  The  lesser  tower,  in  which  is  to  be  the  treasury  and  muniment  room,  is  the 
Edwardian  Tower,  in  contradistinction  to  the  tower  of  the  Great  Gate. 

"  Prreses  habeat  omnia  cubicula  ac  tedificia  claustro  ciroumfusa  cum  veteri  aula  cella  panaria  et 
cerevisiariil  culina  onmibus  areis  culine  adhairentibus  pretercii  pomariuiu  ad  orientem  et  hortum 
areamque  totam  ad  ocoidentem  ipsius  cubiculis  subjectam  vallo  clausam  et  columbarium  quce  olim 
Regiae  aulse  erant  item  stabulum  pro  equis  et  cameram  pro  ferro.  Cubiculum  vero  in  miuore  turre 
pro  terario  libellis  codicibus  tabulis  cseterisque  monumentis  Collegii  et  conclave  illud  inferius  infra 
vetus  claustrum  pro  Ratiocinario  reservetur." 

The  rest  of  the  history  is  mainly  of  destruction  or  degradation. 

In  1619-20  the  Cloister  of  "King's  Ostell "  was  whitened. 

In   1647  the  Bowling  Green  was  created. 

In  1694  the  "old  Hostel"  was  repaired  on  the   Bowling  Green   side,  but  at   the   same 

time  the  ruinous  part   was  agreed   to   be   "puld  downe,"   the   timber  sold   to   the   best 

advantage    and    other    materials    used    up    in    general    College    repairs    if   suitable,    or 

otherwise  sold. 

It  was  in  the  present  reconstituted   Senior  Bursar's   room   "  the   thieving   house  of  the 

Bursars  of  the  old  set"  according  to  Dr  Bentley,  that  those  ofificials  used  to  "embezzle 

the  College  timber."     This   "Lumber  Hole"  Dr  Bentley   transformed   in    1706   into  an 

"  elegant  Chemical  Laboratory,  where  courses  are  annually  taught  by  a  Professor,"  viz., 

John  Francis  Vagani,  created  first  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  1703. 


8  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

In  1791,  the  final  architectural  degradation  of  the  Hostel  took  shape  when  it  was 
converted  into  the  colourless  block  of  formal  brickwork  known  to  Trinity  men  of  the 
19th  century  (fig.  2).  The  date  (1791)  was  found  scribbled  in  pencil  several  times  upon 
the  work  of  the  period  and  finds  corroboration  upon  reference  to  the  Junior  Bursar's 
accounts  for  that  year.  Bricklayers  and  joiners  were  paid  a  sum  amounting  to 
£87.  5s.  -id.  for  refronting  Mr  Lambert's  rooms  on  the  Bowling  Green. 


Fig.  2.     Bowling  Green  Front,  before  the  recent  works. 


Before  describing  the  recovered  buildings  in  detail,  it  may  be  as  well  to  collate  the 
evidences  of  the  ancient  maps  of  Cambridge  which  help  us  in  any  way. 
Lyue's  map  of  Cambridge  (1574)  (fig.  3)  shews  the  Edwardian  Gateway  in  its  original 
position  and  the  range  of  Master's  Chambers  erected  in  1437  and  .stretching  back  north- 
ward to  another  range  running  East  and  West  behind  the  present  Chapel.  This  last 
is  clearly  the  Library  occupying  the  North  range  of  the  King's  Hall.  The  doorway 
shewn  in  the  face  of  the  building  would  I'epresent  of  course  the  main  entrance,  and 
allowing  for  the  inaccuracies  of  such  draughtsmanship  is  no  doubt  the  entrance  door 
now  recovered.  The  Oratory  had  of  course  already  given  way  to  the  Marian  Chapel. 
You  will  note  the  range  of  five  important  windows  in  the  Library.  Judging  from 
Lyne's  drawing,  this  room  would  either  have  occupied  the  height  of  two  floors, 
which  the  architectural  indications  disprove,  as  far  as  they  go,  or  there  were  cellars 
under  it,  as  there  are  no  windows  on  the  ground  storey  level.  The  "cella"  just  men- 
tioned as  being  pai-t  of  the  buildings  situated  round  the  Cloister  Court,  is  thus  probably 
located. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


9 


Hammond's  map  (1592)  (fig.  4)  gives  a  view  from  Uie  Kast  aiul  was  drawn  just  before 
the  new  disposition  of  the  building  by  Dr  Nevile.  Here  we  have  three  sides  of  the 
King's  Hostel  with  a  Cloister  shewn  upon  one  side — the  West— only.  The  North  side 
shews  a  roof  without  chimneys,  as  does  the  West,  although  we  know  there  was  one  at 
least  on  the  latter. 

Three  incipient  gables  are  also  indicated  over  the  Cloister  facing  East.  These  are 
inconsistent  with  the  form  of  the  roof  timbers  as  now  disclosed.  Hammond's  map  is 
only  however  to  be  relied  upon  for  general  dispositions,  not  for  too  minute  details. 
Trinity  Chapel,  for  instance,  is  drawn  in  a  perfectly  recognizable  manner,  and  every 
separate  feature  appears,  but  it  is  shewn  eight  bays  long  instead  of  twelve  and  projects 
two  bays  East  of  the  other  buildings  instead  of  three. 


Fig.  .3.     From  Lyiie's  Map  of  Cambridge  (1574). 


Loggan's  map  of  1688  (fig.  5)  helps  us  not  a  little,  and  here  we  find  accurately  portrayed 
what  the  actual  foundations  have  verified.  On  the  East  face  of  the  West  wing  is  a 
projection  into  the  Court  which  was  clearly  the  projecting  entrance  of  the  Cloister  on 
that  side.  The  entrance  doorway  was  fortunately  allowed  to  ren)ain,  being  enclosed  in 
brickwork  in  1791  as  the  entrance  to  the  College  wine  cellars.  Loggan's  map  also 
shews  the  projection  on  the  West  side  of  the  Kitchen,  the  Solar,  called  "the  Squyer's 
chamber,"  erected  in  1395,  approached  later  no  doubt  by  the  South  Cloister  hereafter 
referred  to. 

In  Loggan's  birdseye  view  of  the  College,  c.  1688,  from  which  an  enlargement  of  the 
portion  relating  to  King's  Hostel  is  also  given  (figs.  6,  7),  the  single  chimney  of  the 
West  range  is  shewn,  and  another  larger  stack  which   served   the   Parlour   and   rooms 

2 


10 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY  COLLEGE 


over,  though  the  last  does  not  seem  to  be  quite  correctly  placed.     The  dormers  in  the 
North  range  confii-m  LjTie's  view.     But   what  is  more  important,  the  ridge  of  the  roof 

of  the  North  range  overtops  and  is 


separated  from  that  of  the  West. 
L\-ne  also  shews  a  gable  at  the  West 
end  of  the  North  range,  and  although 
this  is  drawn  to  stretch  out  to  the 
West  wall  of  the  adjoining  Cham- 
bers, it  is  quite  near  enough  in 
accuracy  for  his  methods  of  delinea- 
tion. There  must,  in  fact,  have  been 
a  space  between  the  ranges  quite 
consistent  with  the  existence  of  a 
gable  window  over  the  lower  build- 
ings. This  space  was  occupied  by  a 
continuation  of  the  Cloister  on  the 
ground  floor  giving  access  by  the 
two  large  doors  to  the  Bowling  Green 
and  b\-  the  Deambulatorium  over, 
already  alluded  to  as  between  the 
Library  and  the  Oratory  Chapel. 
Loggau's  point  of  view  is  such  that 
unfortunately  the  Marian  Chapel 
and  its  Bell  tower  obscure  the 
Cloister  and  much  more  that  might 
have  been  very  valuable  to  us. 
Fig.  4.    From  Hammond's  Map  of  Cambridge  (1592).  J  think  it  is  now  pretty  clear  that 

we  can   fix  the  position   of  the  Oratorj-  by  a  process  of  exhaustion. 
We    have    seen    that    it    was    a  timber   building   erected    in    close   connection    with  the 

Cloister.  It  was  also  apparently  in  connection 
with  the  Master's  chamber,  as  we  should 
naturall}-  expect.  That  it  would  be  orientated 
according  to  the  invariable  English  tradition 
goes  without  saying.  A  foundation  was  found 
14  feet  Northwards  of  the  wall  containing  "fche 
entrance  door  and  running  East.  (Plate  M,  p.  38.) 
This  would  have  made  a  narrow  Chapel.  But  if,  as 
I  imagine,  the  Oratory  was  on  the  first  floor,  being 
of  wood,  it  may  have  overhung  the  walls  below 
after  a  manner  common  to  wooden  constructions 
of  the  period.  How  far  it  stretched  Eastward 
and  ^vhether  definitely  upon  the  ground  or  1st 
floor  it  is  impossible  to  say.  Its  angle  studs  might 
equally  have  been  posts  holding  up  the  East  end. 
A  cross  foundation  was  found  in  the  position  of 
our  new  wall,  and  this  corresponds  with  Loggan's 
Fig.  5.    From  Loggan's  Map  (1688).  plan.     The  Oratory,  if  it  survived  so  long,  must 


o 


to 

o 


bo 


12 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


Fig. 


Enlargement  from  Loggan's  view 
(c.  1688). 


have  been    pulled    down    to    make    way    for    the    Mariau    Chapel,    and    this    foundation 
may   have   been  that  of  a  wall  erected  at  that  date  to  close  up  the  buildings  partially 

removed. 

The  recovered  Entrance  door  is  clearly  an  ex- 
ternal door  and  could  not  possibly  have  been  an 
internal  door  of  the  Hall,  and  the  Hall  must 
have  been  further  South  than  Professor  Willis 
indicates  (fig.  2,  p.  8). 

It  is  quite  possible  that  the  "  porticus  aule  "  was 
a  passage  at  the  West  end  of  the  Hall,  giving 
access  to  the  court. 

Three  small  doors  and  a  window  have  been 
disclosed  on  the  first  floor  in  the  North  wall 
adjoining  St  John's  (fig.  8).  These  doors  must 
have  led  into  projecting  outbuildings  or  chambers 
standing  upon,  or  overlianging  land  now  occupied 
by  St  John's.  (Plate  M,  p.  38.)  The  western- 
most of  the  doors  opens  outwards  and  the  West 
wall  of  the  Library  seems  to  have  abutted  between 
this  door  and  the  adjoining  window,  as  the 
photograph  indicates.  The  adjoining  window 
therefore  looked  South  into  the  Library.  The 
small  size  of  the  door  suggests  that  the  Western 
chamber  must  have  been  a  garderobe,  specially 
as  there  is  no  corresponding  door  below.  I  have  already  noted  (p.  6)  the  entry  relating  to 
the  latrine  near  the  Library  and  here  we  have  corroboration.  We  find  also  that  there 
was  a  drain  close  at  hand.  This  brick  drain  was  unearthed  during  the  recent  works  and 
is  no  doubt  the  one  referred  to  in  the  accounts  as  connected  with  the  Kitchen.     It  seems 

to  have  passed  under  the  Library. 
(Plate  M,  p.  38.)  The  two  next  doors 
open  inwards  and  are  curious.  Clear- 
ly there  was  a  floor  at  this  level 
as  the  joist  holes  shew  and  as  the 
doors  themselves  indicate.  The  only 
explanation  I  can  offer  is  that  both 
doors  led  either  into  a  small  cham- 
ber, perhaps  for  the  Gustos,  who  is 
mentioned,  or  into  a  turret  staircase 
in  this  position.  We  may  note 
analogously  that  the  door  to  the 
Master's  Garderobe  opens  outwards 
from  the  room,  and  that  the  door 
at  the  head  of  the  existing  vice  opens  inwards  into  the  room.  There  may  have  been 
an  entrance  lobby  to  the  Library  abutting  between  the  doors,  which  would  occasion  the 
pair  of  them. 

If  Loggan's  plan  (fig.  5)  is  accurate  these  projecting  chambers  must  have  been  removed 
before  his  time,  although  he  does  shew  a  double  line  on  this  side  of  the  Lane,  enclosing  a 


Fig.  8.     Doors  and  windows.     iNorth  end. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


13 


Fig.  y. 


AiHieiit  t'cutures  nt  the  East  wall. 


piece  of  ground'.     It  should  be  noted  that  Loggan  is  apt  to  omit  turret  staircases  on  liis 

plans  although  he  shews  them  distinctly  and  accurately  upon  the  views.     Before  leaving 

Loggan  it  may  be  said  that  he  shews  the  width  of  the  West  range  sufficient  to  include 

a  cloister,  but  not  so   the   North   range.     Hammond   also,  as   we  have  seen,  omits   the 

Cloister  on  the  North  range,  and  I  can  find  no 

grounds  for  supposing  that  the  reference  in  the 

King's  Hall  acconnts  to  two  sides  of  the  Cloister 

necessarily   implies   a    Cloister   in   that  position. 

On  the  other  hand  in  the   accounts  for   pulling 

down   the   Hall  and  adjoining  buildings   for  the 

purpose  of  erecting  the  Marian  Chapel  in  1556-7, 

we    have    the    removal   of   "the    reede    over  the 

Cloister   and   the    gystes    of   the   same"   which 

clearly    suggests    that    the    second    side    of    the 

Cloister  may  have  abutted  on  the  North  side  of 

the  Hall.     It  would  have  a  definite  purpose  there 

in  giving  access  to  the  Solar  on  the  West  side 

of  the  Kitchen,  to  the  Buttery  and  the  Chambers 

beyond ;  subsequently  also  to  the  Chapel. 

These  inferences  and  allocations  mainly — hitherto 

from    the    documentary   evidence,    are    further 

confirmed  by  a  more   detailed   reference    to    the 

buildings  themselves. 

The  range   under  consideration  belongs   to    two 

dates  and  exhibits  differences  in    architectural    style    quite    consistent    with    the    thnty 

years    which   intervened  between  the  completion  of  the  Master's  Chamber  m  1390   and 

of  the    Library   and    Chambers    between    it    and    the 

Master's    Chamber    in   about    1420.      These    dates   fit 

admirably  with  the  characters  of  the  two  parts,  quite 

apart  from  the  documentary  evidence.     The  change  in 

date    and    style    may  be   observed    on    the   East   side 

between  the  two  doors  on  the  left  (fig.  9)  as  one  enters 

the   building.     A  straight  joint  in  the  walling  occurs 

above  the    northernmost  door,   which  seems    to    have 

replaced  a  piece  of  the  earlier  walling  upon  the  ground 

floor  (see   also  plate  D  (a),  p.  27).     On   the   Bowling 

Green   side,  the  change   occurs   to   the   North   of  the 

hollow  recess  near  the  centre  of  the  facade  (see  frontis- 
piece).   The  recess  (fig.  10)  no  doubt  formed  part  of  the 

Master's  private  garderobe,  specially  referred  to  in  the       ,^b«»^v     »^       ._     .    -~-::ma 

account.     It  was  approached  through  a  lobby  from  his   ^^^  ^^    ,pj^g  Master's  Garderobe  : 

Chamber.     The  lobby  was  lighted  and  ventilated  by  a 

small  window,  part  of  which  still  remains,  and  which  is  so  di.sposed  as  to  allow  of  the 

flat  roof  of  the  projecting  Chamber  being  free  of  the  window  sill.     There  were  no  signs 

1  In  1612  when  there  is  an  account  for  its  cleansing,  this  strip  of  ground  is  called  "the  long 
entry  between  the  ould  Librarie  and  S'  Johns."  The  new  Library  was  then  in  the  range  between 
the  Edwardian  Tower  and  the  Master's  Lodge. 


14 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


of  toothings  or  bondings  of  the  external  walls  of  this  garderobe  with  the  main  structure 
and  I  conclude  that  it  must  have  been  a  wooden  construction  of  the  character  indicated 
upon  the  sug-gested  restoration  of  the  Bowling  Green  Front  (plate  C,  p.  2G).  The  garde- 
robe  would  probably  discharge  into  a  drain 
or  ditch  brought  up  to  its  foot,  but  all  indi- 
cations of  this  are  now  lost.  The  windows 
of  the  earlier  and  later  period  with  their 
detail  are  given  (figs.  11,  12;  plate  A  (a) 
(b),  p.  24)  and  it  will  be  noticed  how  the 
interpenetration  has  crept  in.  The  earlier 
window  is  very  like  those  erected  bj^  Arch- 
bishop Thoresby  of  York  at  Southwell  Palace 
about  18.50.  The  King's  Hall  windows  were, 
as  in  William  of  Wykeham's  work,  fitted 
with  shutters. 
It  is  not  quite  clear  whether  the  cross  wall 
(fig.  13)  which  separates  the  two  types  of  work  at  this  point  belongs  to  the  14th  or 
loth  century.  I  am  disj^osed  to  think  the  latter.  It  will  be  noticed  how  it  is  adjusted 
to  the  doorwa)',  but  the  continuation  on  the  1st  floor  wliich  blocks  the  garderobe  door 
is  modern  (plate  F,  pp.  31,  32).     It  is  of  course  easily  conceivable  that  the  filling  in  of 


I  i_    1  I .     ^\'indo\v  of 
the  earlier  period. 


Fig.  \-2.     WhhIdw 
the  later  perioil. 


'ifi^r-^ 


Fig.  14.     Doors  toward.^  the  (_  ioi.-.ter. 

the  end  of  the  14th  century  building  was  temporarily  in 
wood  which  was  removed  for  a  more  solid  wall  when  the 
range  was  completed. 

The  Chamber  under  the  Master's  had  been  at  some  later 
date  fitted  with  a  large  open  fireplace  in  the  South  East 
corner,  and  the  door  towards  the  Cloister  made  into  a 
hatch  (fig.  14).  There  is  now  a  blocked  door  on  the  Bowling  Green  front  which  led  to 
this  room.  This  was,  however,  a  later  insertion,  an  original  two-light  window  like  the 
others  being  converted  in  the  16th  century  (fig.  15)  when  probably  the  fireplace  was 
inserted.  The  position  of  the  southern  wall  of  this  room  is  lost  to  us. 
In  the  angle  of  what  now  forms  the  entrance  corridor  to  these  chambers  was  a  large  block 


Fig.  1.3.  The  dividing  trans- 
verse wall  adapted  to  an 
earlier  existing  doorway  by 
an  arch. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


15 


Ficr.  15. 


of  brickwork  with  a  jtointed  door  over  it  (fig.  16).  The  jambs  of  this  door  were  splayed 
ia  one  direction  (plate  F,  pp.  30,  81).  I  think  there  must  have  been  an  external  stone 
staircase  in  this  position  giving  access  to  the  Master's  Chamber.  Willis  conjectures 
a  turret  but  I  could  find  no  trace  of  this.  A  small 
chamber  entirely  walled  round  without  access,  over 
the  main  doorway,  which  had  some  appearance  of 
antiquity,  proved  on  e.xamination  to  possess  none 
(plate  L,  p.  37),  The  existence  of  a  staircase  as  thus 
conjectured  would  give  the  reason  for  bringing  forward 
the  entrance  to  the  Cloisters  which  seem  to  have  been 
contemplated  from  the  first.  Close  to  the  pointed 
door  on  the  first  floor  was  found  another  with  four- 
centred  arch  and  the  original  with  door  and  ironwork 
are  still  in  situ.  The  door  is  clad  with  the  vertical 
lapped  boards  common  at  the  period  and  was  originally 
painted  in  vertical  bands  of  red  and  green  (fig.  17). 
William  of  Wykeham's  contemporary  doors  and  shut- 
ters were  similarly  constructed.  A  small  loop  by  the 
side  of  the  door  may  have  commanded  the  Oratory. 
The  door  might  belong  in  character  to  either  of  the 
dates  with  which  we  are  dealing,  but  it  is  undoubtedly 
part  of  the  earlier  building.  It  gave  upon  the  gallery  or  upon  the  Oratory  and  sug- 
gests that  this  was  projected  as  part  of  the  original  plan. 

The  Parlour  first  mentioned  in  1424-5,  when  it  was  wainscotted,  was  glazed  in 
and  paved  in  1426-7,  and  I  have  already  suggested  its  identification  with  the 
Bursary,  the  entrance  to  which  with  its  rich 
carvings  implies  a  room  of  some  quality. 
The  door  has  one  angel  stop  to  its  hood- 
mold  still  very  perfect ;  the  other  is  un- 
fortunately destroyed  (fig.  14).  North  of 
this  room  on  the  ground  floor  was  an 
entrance  passage  leading  from  the  West 
through  the  building,  by  two  large  doors 
of  the  same  size  and  detail,  to  the  North 
end  of  the  Cloister  (fig.  18).  The  bold 
character  of  these  doors,  the  detail  of  which 
is  excellent  (plate  F  (c)  (d),  pp.  30,  31), 
suggests  that  this  passage  was  one  of  im- 
portance. A  brick  division  with  a  good  oak 
framed  and  molded  four-centred  door  formed 
in  the  angle  what  might  have  served  for  a 
Porter's  room  lighted  by  a  small  slit  towards 
the  Cloister  (plate  E,  pp.  28,  29). 
We  can  now  pass  upstairs  by  the  original 
Vice  which  gave  approach  to  the  chamber 
over  (fig.  19).  Some  of  the  steps  are 
original,  all  are  precisely  the  same  as  the  originals.     The  management  of  the  steps  and 


Blocked  doorway  to  the 
Bowling  (Jreen. 


1425-6, 

restored 


I 


16 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRIXITY   COLLEGE 


Fig.  17.     Ancient  duor  found 
in  sitti. 


■i 


doorway  to  the  room  is  curious.     The  window  to  light  the  top  of  the  staircase,  which 
is  dated  1907,  is  modern,  as  the  wall  in  this  position  had  been  entirely  removed.     But 

something  of  the  kind  must  have  existed.     There  were  no 
indications  that  the  staircase   ever  gave  upon   the  Gallery 
or    that    it    was    continued    above   its   present   level.      The 
northernmost  room  shews  signs  of  having  been  one  of  some 
quality.     In  the  centre  is  a  cambered  beam,  richly  molded. 
It  had  originally  molded  arched  trusses  the  form  of  which 
I   shew   on   a  drawing  (plate  D  (b),  p.  27),  and  of  which 
sufficient    material    remains    to    reproduce    the   design    ac- 
curately.   A  molded  cornice  mitres  with  it.    This  was  carried 
to  the    square  angle  which  pi'oved    that    the    cant    of   the 
staircase  was  not  continued  to  the  upper  part  of  the  room. 
There  was  also  an  open  stone  fireplace  with  corbelled  jambs, 
one  of  which  (repaired)  and  the  stone  mantel  remain  intact 
(fig.  20).     The  other  jamb  had  been  removed  to  make  room 
for  a  flue   brought    up    from   below  and   it   was  impossible 
consistently  with  the  retention  of  this  flue,  which  was  necessary,  to  replace  the  jamb  in 
its  old  position.     The  fireplace   is  thus  of  the  old  design  but  so 
much  narrower.     The  brick  fireback  is  original. 
A  stone  doorway  existed  connecting  this  room  with  the  adjoining 
a^g/jgl^  one.     One  of  the  "  bikettes,"  as  they  are  called  in  these  accounts, 

H^^H  that  is  the  jamb  stops,  remains  in  situ. 

^^^^M  A  feature  very  difficult  of  explanation  is  the  external  doorway  to 

,  ^^^^H    i  this  room  on  the  Bowling  Green  side.     (Frontispiece  and  fig.  21.) 

JHHJB^Jj  It  is  quite  clear  that  this  door  opened  outwards,  which  is  contrary 

'  '  ^  to  mediaeval  practice  even  if  there  were  a  covered  porch  of  entry. 

But  one  of  the  other  two  doors  in  the  room  opened  outwards  also. 
This  door  gave  access  to  a  causeway  or  flight  of  steps  carried  upon 
a  flying  arch  abutting  upon  the  building   at   its   first   floor  level. 
An  examination  of  the    existing    masonry  leaves    no    doubt   upon   this  head.     The  wall 

^^ -j^^^^^^^^        below  the  abutment  is  complete  including  the  plinth.     The 

^P^'  jtt^fH^^^^^  imposing  doorwaj'  adjoining,  which  led  to  the  Cloister  sug- 
gests that  access  from  this  side  was  of  importance,  and 
access  to  the  first  floor  was  probably  equally  studied. 
That  there  was  a  flying  flight  of  steps  here  I  have  little 
doubt. 

We  find  frequent  mention  in  the  accounts  of  a  Water- 
gate 

"  It'  pro  le  henge  pro  le  Water  gate  ij'*. 

It'  pro  emendacione  de  la  hinge  apud  portam  aquatioam." 

A  small  building  is  shewn  on  Lyne's  and  Hammond's  maps 
on  the  river  adjoining  the  St  John's  boundary,  which  might 
have  been  the  Watergate.  If  so,  this  doorway  would  lead 
directly  to  it. 

Returning  to   the   first  floor   there  seems   to   have   been   a  small  chamber  between  the 
two  rooms  in  the  thickness  of  the  chimne}'  breast.     A  later  window  with  a  four-centred 


Fig.  18.   Bowling  (ireen 
passage. 


Fig.  19.     The  Vice  or  Vi/s. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY  COLLEGE 


17 


exists  blocked   up 


arch    and    quite  different    detail    to    the    rest  was    inserted    ami    now 
(plate  B,  p.  25).     This  is  difficult  of  explanation. 
There  was  a  door  from  the  Gallery  over  the  Cloister  leading  into  the  second  room  from  the 
North  (plate  D  (a),  p  27).     (Some  early  examples  of  the  evergreen  youthful  propensity 
for  scribbling  are  worth   noting   upon  its  jambs.)     It 
is  evident  from  the  position  of  this  door  and  the  others 
already  alluded  to  that  this  gallery  must  have  been  a 
passage-way   of  importance,   and  it  is  curious  to  find 
that  the  ties  to  the  wall  plates  of  the  main  roof  were 
projected  out  horizontally  4'  6"  over  it,  evidently   for 
the  purpose  of  forming  some  kind  of  cover.     Two  of 
these  appear  on  fig.  9  (p.  13).     These  may  have  been 
continued  as  joists  for  a  flat  roof  the  full  width  of  the 
Cloister,  and  cut  off  in  connection  with  some  subse- 
quent alterations.    If,  as  found,  they  held  their  original 
length,  we  are  clearly  in  the  presence  of  a  feature  of 
some  peculiarity  as  regards  Collegiate  buildings.    There 
were  no  windows  on  this  side  on  the  first   floor  save 
the  small  loops  giving  upon  the  Ambulatory  between 
the   Library   and   Oratory.     If  the    last  occupied   the 
height    of    two    floors    then    this    Ambulatory   would 
give    access   to   a    Western   Gallery  occupied    bj'  the   Master,  or 
small  squint  through  which  Mass  could  be  heard  without  entering  the  Chapel. 


(completed). 

as    at    Lambeth,  to    a 


Fig.  21.     Entrance  duor  to  1st  floor 
chamber  adjoining  St  John'.s  boundary. 


Vi".  )l-2.     Entrance  door. 


The  main  entrance  door  now  restored  to  its  original  function  had  fortunately  been  bricked 
up  and  so  preserved  (fig.  22).  It  is  a  richly  molded  pointed  doorway,  with  molding 
and  bikettes  of  a  distinctly  late  decorated  character.  (Plate  A  (e)  (f)  (g),  p.  24.)  The 
outer  moldings  are  carried  up  as  a  square  frame  with  quatrefoiled  circles  in  the  spandrils. 
It  is  interesting  as  the  prototype  of  the  doorways  now  leading  to  Nevile's  Hall  from 
the  Great  and  Nevile's  Courts  (fig.  23).  One  of  these  however  has  a  slightly  segmont;d 
arch  and  the  detail  of  both  is  essentially  late   Perpendicular.     The   doorway  found    in 

3 


18 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


18(S3    ill    the    old    Divinity  School,    which   dates   from  a  little  before  1400    and    is    now 
incorporated  in  the  University  Library,  is  also  of  the  same  type  (fig.  24). 
The   removal   in    1550-7  of  the  Hall,  Buttery,  Chambers  and   the   Old   Chapel  is   fully 
recorded.     The  entries  relating  to  the  demolition  of   the  South  portions  are  hesitating, 
such  as  the  following, 

"the  south  wall  as  far  as  was  thought  mete" 

"the  south  wall  to  the  soyle  of  the  nether  windows" 

"  the  Porch  and  the  wall  upon  the  .south  syde  of  tholde  Hall  to  Sir  Burton  his  Chamber," 

while  the  North  walls  are  unequivocally  demolished. 
I  conclude  that  the  South  walls  were  to  some  extent 
outside  the  area  of  the  new  foundations,  and  were 
pulled  down  as  the  material  was  wanted  for  re-use  in 
the  new  work. 

Sir  Burton  may  have  had  his  Chamber  over  the 
Buttery  and  was  left  undisturbed  as  long  as  possible, 
or  as  there  must  have  been  an  entrance  to  the  Cloister 
Court,  possibly  the  Hall  did  not  extend  as  far  as  the 
West  range  and  the  passage  or  porch,  "porticus 
aule "  as  before  suggested,  may  have  had  a  chamber 
over  it. 

My  plan  (plate  M,  p.  38)  is  founded  on  the  various 
evidences  collected  above. 

The  buildings  were  constructed  of  brickwork  inter- 
spersed with  rubble  masonry.  The  dressings  of  doors 
and  windows  are  in  the  jambs  and  simpler  parts 
constructed  of  an  oolite  from  the  great  bed,  which  has  stood  well.  Weldon  and  Barnack 
stone  are  mentioned  as  well  as  Barrington  and  Hinton.     The  more  elaborate  parts  are 

in  soft  clunch  which  has  decayed.  It  was  no  doubt 
the  decay  of  the  latter  which  led  to  the  brick  over- 
coat. A  casing,  4^"  thick,  of  white  Cambridge  bricks 
was  faced  on  to  the  Bowling  Green  front  and  very 
fortunately  but  few  bonders  were  used,  it  being 
executed  chiefly  in  stretchers  and  doing  but  little 
damage  to  the  walls  in  itself  The  ground  floor  was 
converted  into  wine  cellars  and  it  was  uniiecessary'to 
take  any  steps  to  light  it,  so  what  remained  of  the 
rauUioned  windows  was  left  in  sitiL  Recesses  by  way 
of  architectural  relief  were  however  made  in  front 
and  necessitated  in  their  construction  the  cutting 
back  of  the  old  work  where  they  occurred,  with 
corresponding  increase  of  damage.  As  the  East  wall 
became  entirely  internal  it  was  left  alone  and  has 
been  largely  preserved  to  us. 

The  mullions  of  the  two  windows  of.Dr  Bentley's 
"  lumber  hole  "  had  been  dealt  with  by  him  curiously 
in  the  process  of  the  conversion  of  the  room  into  his  "elegant  chemical  laboratory" 
(fig.  25).     The  traceries  were  cut  out  and  the  mullions  reduced  to  a  narrow  strip  which 


Fig.  2.3.     Doorway  in  Nevile's  Hall. 


Fig.  21.     Doorway  in  old  Divinity 
School. 


KING'S    HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


10 


Fig.  L'."),  Ancient  windows 
adapted  for  Bentley's 
Laboratory. 


coukl  only  have  sustained  the  weight  over  it  by  the  help  of  the  discharging  arch  wBich 
is  a  feature  of  these  buildings.  The  iron  saddlebar  at  the  springing  had  been  retained 
and  a  portion  of  the  niullions  was  not  cut  away  at  the  sills  and 
the  inner  sills  had  been  raised  by  stone  slabs  with  rough 
geometrical  figures  drawn  upon  them.  A  very  interesting 
account  of  the  laboratory  was  given  by  Dr  Fletcher  in  "The 
Cambridge  Review"  for  November  16,  1905,  Vol.  XXVII.  No.  666. 
He  traces  its  history  as  Parlour  for  the  College  guests.  Audit 
Room,  and  therefore  for  the  Bursar's  use,  Lumber  hole,  Labora- 
tory, Sherry  cellar,  and  finally  at  length  Bursary  again.  The 
fire-place  with  its  brick  back  was  found  complete  (fig.  26). 
The  first  floor  was  dealt  with  more  drastically  in  1791.  Here 
sets  of  Fellows'  rooms  had  to  be  arranged  and  the  sashwindow 
of  the  period  was  an  essential  factor.  These  were  driven  through 
the  old  walls  quite  indiscriminately  but  generally  so  as  to  wipe 
out  all  but  the  jamb  of  an  ancient  window.  Where  the  walls  were  irregular,  internally, 
they  were  squared  up  with  timber  studding  whereby  some  interesting  features,  such  as 
the  North  windows  and  the  West  door  of  the  North  Chamber  have  been  preserved  for 
us  almost  intact. 

Needless  to  say  that  the  replanning  of  the  interior  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  time,  confused  and  inadequate  as  it  was,  had  no 
respect  for  antiquity.  Staircases,  partition  walls,  doors  and  cupboards 
were  inserted  or  cut  in  quite  unheedingly.  As  an  instance  of 
this  treatment  the  ancient  Vice  which  must  have  been  complete, 
judging  from  the  bottom  and  top  steps  which  remain  much  worn 
by  long  use,  was  torn  out  to  admit  of  the  introduction  of  a  wooden 
stair  winding  up  in  the  other  direction  (fig.  19,  p.  16). 
The  works  of  repair  have  been  directed  to  preserving  all  that  was 
possible  of  what  was  discovered,  consistently  with  meeting  certain 
essential  modern  needs.  Imaginary  restorations  have  been  scrupulously  avoided.  The 
ground  floor  windows  were  in  a  condition  that  their  repair  was  easy  enough  and  it  may 
be  said  that  no  new  stone  was  inserted  which  was  not  absolutely  necessary  and  every 
new  stone  represents  accurately  the  old  stone  which  it  replaced  in  size,  shape  and 
detail,  and  even  the  iron  bars  are  the  same  in  section  and  position  as  determined  by 
the  ancient  mortices  cut  for  them.  The  first  floor  rooms  were  however  panelled  in  the 
18th  century  to  suit  the  sash  windows  and  there  was  no  definite  certaint}'  of  the 
position  of  two  of  the  ancient  windows.  It  was  therefore  deemed  desirable  not  to 
attempt  any  renewal,  and  oak  windows  of  a  simple  pattern  were  introduced  to  fill  the 
openings  where  the  sashes  had  to  be  removed  in  consequence  of  the  removal  of  the 
brick  casing.  The  remains  of  the  ancient  stone  windows  were  carefully  preserved  and 
are  to  be  seen  upon  the  front. 

I  have  made  a  paper  restoration  of  these  windows.  (Plate  C,  p.  26.)  In  two  cases  the 
remains  of  the  old  jambs  were  too  far  apart  to  admit  of  a  four-light  window  of 
the  ordinary  detail.  There  must  therefore  have  either  been  two  skiglc-light  windows, 
a  two-light  and  a  one-light,  or  a  four-light  to  the  special  detail  I  have  indicated. 
Other  ancient  examples  exist  of  this  four-light  form.  The  two-light  window  still 
existing  in  the  gable  facing  St  John's  indicates  that  there  were  attics  and  therefore  no 

3—2 


Fig.  26.     Fireplace  in 
the  Bursary. 


20  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

doubt  dormers,  as  the  existing  roof  timbers,  which  are  the  original  ones,  shew  conclusively 
that  there  were  no  side  gables,  such  as  those  shewn  by  Hammond. 
It  may  be   stated   that  the  decayed  cluuch  has  been  treated  with  Hydrate  of   Barium 
and  Hydrofliiosilicic  acid  with  the  promise,  so  far,  of  excellent  results. 
I  have  drawn  the  details  of  various  parts  of  the  building  to  scale  and  would  specially 
direct  attention  to  the  bold  character  of  the  North  doorway.     (Plate  A,  p.  24..) 
In  conclusion  it  may  be  interesting  to  collate  a  few  dates  of  other   Cambridge   Colle- 
o-iate   Buildings,  erected  about  the  same  period  and  which  have  survived  to  the  present 
day.     It  appears  that  parts  of   Peterhouse,  Corpus,  Trinity  Hall,  and   the  old  Divinity 
School    are    older  than  the  remnant  of  King's  Hall,  and  its   earliest  parts  are  contem- 
porary with  the  oldest  parts  left  of  Pembroke. 

Peterhouse. 

Hall  and  Chambers  13th  century  (after  1284). 

Old  Library  1431-48. 

Kitchen  1450. 

Combination  Room  1460. 

Old  Divinity  School  1347  (or  later)-1400. 

Corpus  Christi. 

Old  Court  1352-77. 

Trinity  Hall. 

Parts  of  principal  Court  1354-74. 

Pembroke. 

Old  Chapel  (now  Library) ' 
Old  Court  (north  Range) 

Caius. 

Part  of  Chapel  1393. 

Part  of  Lodge  1441. 

King's. 

Gateway  &c.  (opposite  Clare)  1441   begun. 

Chapel  1446-1515. 

I  have  also  appended  a  list  of  technical  terms  used  in  the  accounts,  with  what  I  con- 
ceive to  be  their  signification.  I  would  finally,  in  offering  to  the  Master  and  Fellows 
of  my  College  my  gratitude  for  all  the  instruction,  interest,  and  enjoyment  the  direction 
of  the  works  of  recovery  of  this  ancient  fragment  has  given  me,  add  my  thanks  for 
this  opportunity  of  recording  what  I  have  been  able  to  find  out  about  its  earlier 
habitation. 

February  1908 


1366-98. 


KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 


21 


APPENDIX 

A.     SOME    ARCHITECTURAL    AND    TECHNICAL    TERMS    USED    IN    THE 
KING'S   HALL  ACCOUNTS    WITH   THEIR   PROBABLE   SIGNIFICATIONS 


Bekete  \ 
Bekette  ] 

A  Jamb  Stop. 

Napronys  de  covres 
Nodis 

Beginners 

Springing  Stones  of  a  vault. 

Opus  Ferreum  ' 
pro  Fenestris 

Bigatus 

A  Load. 

Cliamarant 

A  complete  Jamb. 

Pomell 

Clikette  ' 
Klekete 

A  Latch-key.    ^'Clavis  vocat 

Questys 

Klekete  ad  Hostium." 

Rasaen 

Coperoiiys  ' 
Coporone 

A  Pinnacle.    Also  a  chimney- 

Reder 

.stack. 

Redher     ■ 

Cyrotheca 

A  workman's  Glove. 

Thakker  ] 

Doblette 

An  Angle  Piece  like  a  Chev- 

Retour/tes 

ron,  possibly  the  returns  or 

Semoiir      \ 

points  of  a  Label. 

Somer        y 

Dormaunt. 

A  sleeper  beam. 

Somerpece  ) 

Dealbacio 

Limewhiting. 

Seerghys  1 
Serches    J 

Bocer  =  Dosser 

A  Hanging  to  shield  a  door. 

Estrichhord    ^ 

Schomchouns  ] 

Estringhord 

Floorboarding.      Cf.    Oester- 

Skovchonys     ) 

Estryglwrd 

reich-bord. 

Segge 

Estyghord 

Soyl-tablc 

Hestrigsbord  ' 

Femerelh 

A  Roof  Lantern. 

Over-soyll 

Formpece 

Tracery. 

Nedir-soyll 

Formelettes 

Decorative  Panel  Work. 

Spargettiiig 

Hafgoodday  ' 

Sqwynchuncrest 

Hagaday 

Hagodatys 

A  Latch. 

Stagys 

Hagodday 

Tabid  ad  Syntrys 

Hangedax      ^ 

Vawcer 

Voucer 

Hostium  =  Ost 

ium          A  Door  opening. 

Jointable  "1 
Joyntabyl  j 

Probably     String-Com-se    or 

"  Crokyd   Von 

Cornice. 

Voucert^s.'^ 

Joppy 

A  Roof  Brace. 

Vente 

Eyngatable 

A  Flat  Piece  of  Stone  suit- 
able for  a  Step. 

Mauntell 

Beam      over      a     Chimney 

Vyse 

Opening. 

Felewell 

Meremium 

Building  Timber. 

Squarpece 

Moynell  =  Mot 

lial           Mullion. 

Leggement 

Moldyngbord 

Wood  Patterns  for  moldings. 

Docelctte     . 

Leather  Aprons. 

A  Boss  in  a  groined  vault. 

Stancheons  and  Saddle-bars. 

A  Crocket  or  Finial. 
The  sides  of  an  Oven. 
A  Wall  plate. 

Thatcher. 

A  Label  Stop. 

Piece    of    Stone    supporting 

the   end   of  a  Beam.    Cf. 

Bressummer. 
Probably  some  form  of  Stone 

worked  on  the  circle. 
Internal    Door    or    Window 

Arch.     Cf.  Scoi7ison. 
Thatching  Reed. 
The  Ashlar  Course  between 

Plinth  and  Base-Course. 
Plinth. 
Base  course. 
Plastei-ing. 
An  Angle  Cresting  or  Coping 

as  on  a  Polygonal  Turret. 
Scaftblds. 
Setting-out  Board. 

Voussoir  or  Arch-Stone. 

nceres,"  "Sengi/l   Voiiceres"   *' Dow/jle 

Embrasure  of  a  Battlement. 

"  Vente     pro     Embatayle- 

ment." 
A  circular  Stair. 

VarioxLS     kinds    of    worked 
stone  not  yet  identified. 


22  KING'S   HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE 

B.     KING'S   HALL   ACCOUNT   BOOKS 

TYPICAL  EXTRACTS  RELATING  TO  THE  ERECTION  OF  THE  PISTRINUM  (1411—1415) 

Expense  facte  circa  novum  Pistrinum. 
Item  pro  ij  eqiiis  missis  cum  duobus  sociis  ad  Shelforde  ad  loquend'  cum  carpentaris  viij*. 
Item  pro  quatuor  lapidibus  vocat.  somom-s  iiij''. 

„     pro  cariagio  iij  jopys  cum  septem  stozis  iij'  iiij'i. 
Item  pro  parva  tabula  ad  mooldys  ij*. 
Item  pro  sjj  mill'  de  sclatte  et  iiijc""  vij"  viij'  viij*. 
Item  pro  quatuor  mill'  de  tyle  xxvj»  viij''. 
Tegulatores. 
Item  ij  c  de  estrygbord  et  vj  et  cariagio  eorimdem  iij"  ij'  vi''. 

Conventiones  none  pistrina. 
Item  conventum  est  cum  Thorleby  pro  si  ped'  de  Joyntabyl  latitudinis  ix  poll'  spiss"  iiij  poll'  precii 

pedis  j''  ob. 
Item  pro  xxx  ped'  de  Kyngystabyl  precii  pedis  (blank)  et  habet  in  partem  solucionis  vi'^  viii''  Sat. 

Empcio  meremii  praeter  convencionem  Carpentarii  Reyner. 
Imprimis  pro  iij  peciis  meremii  empt'  in  nundinis  nativitatis  sancti  Johannis  cum  carigio  m]^  viij''. 
Item  pro  xv  Jestys  Ion'*  xiij  ped'  lati'*  in  quadro  viij  pollic'  et  vij  pollic'  xvj«  iij"*. 

Exp",  facte  circa  nonim  Pistrinum. 
Conventum  est  cum   Henrico  Ihec   de   Baryngton  ad   habend'  petras   infrascript'  viz.  iiij  beketes   pro 
duobus  hosteis     It   xxx  squarpec'     Item  v-"''   pedes   de  Jambes   pro   fenestris     Item   c™  pedes   de 
vaucers  quorum  medietas  erunt  recta  et  alia  curva. 
Item  1  pedes  de   soyles  et  dictus  Henricus  inveniet  carragium  petrarum  praedictarum  et  habebit   in 
<'rosso  iiij"   et  warantizabit  petras  praedictas  integram   sine   aliqua  lesioue  quousque  pervenerint 
ad  mauus  latami  et  recepit  in  partem  solucionis  per  manus  Aschenden  xl^ 
Lathami  and  leyers  and  other  entries. 
Prioris  de  Stoke  pro  tribus  querquibus  adquisitis  per  Petrum  Stucle  iij'  iiij'*. 

Stone  from  Hynton. 
Item  pro  ligatura  ad  stagys  iij"". 

„     pro  duodecim  berdyll  pro  stages  iij^ 
Item  pro  jamb  vaucers  herthstonys  et  questys  xiv'  x"". 

Item  conventum   est   cum   Roberto   Adam   de   Burwell   pro  Ixiij    carucatis   de   clunche   pro    xxxv»   ad 
habendum  citra  octavum  diem  mensis  Aprilis  et  soHt'  sunt  ei  pre  manibus  in  partibus  solucionis 
vjs  yiijd  gt  convenitur  quod  habebit  residuum  cum  impleverit  convencionem. 
Item  remunerat'  Dodyngton  magistro  operis  xiij»  iiij'*  et  pro  prandio  suo  et  sue  uxoris  et  famuli  wij''. 

Item  pro  vino  ad  cenam  predicti  iiij''. 
Infrascripti  soluerunt  viginti  solidos  ad  fabricam  nove  pistrine  loco  gentaculi  in  introitu  faciend'. 

Convenciones  Nove  Pistrine. 

Cum  Johanne  Hawkyswell  de  Stanford  et  Johanne  Wade  de  Eston  pro  xij  mill  de  sclatt  et  erit 
perforat'  et  batja-d  et  erit  consimilis  bouitatis  qualis  erit  aliquod  .sclatt  ductum  ad  Cantabr'  ad 
vendend'  pretium  j.  mill  xij'  vi**. 

Conventum  est  cum  heurico  Ihec  de  Baryngton  ad  habend'  petra  infrascript'. 

viz.  iiij  beketes  pro  duobus  hosteis. 

It'  xxx  squarpec'. 

Item  V"  pedes  de  Jambes  pro  fenestris. 

Item  c""  pedes  de  vaucers  quarum  medietas  erunt  recta  et  alia  curva.  et  dictus  Henricus... waranti- 
zabit petrus  prediotas  integras  sine  aliqua  lesione  quousque  pervenerint  ad  maniis  latami  et 
recepit  in  partem  solucionis  per  manus  Aschendem  xl». 

1412-13.     Item  pro  caruoatu  straminis  ad  cooperturam  marorum  xviij"". 


KING'S    HOSTEL,   TRINITY   COLLEGE  23 

E-vpeiue  fcwte  circa  novum  Pistrinam. 
Item  pro  centum  pedibus  et  ix  et  di  xliij"  et  ii''  de  tabyll  et  gabylhvall  etcet'. 
Item  pro  xix  pedibus  de  Kyngstable  ad  graduni  fornacis  iiij"  viii''. 
Item  pro  j  c  tabularum  de  estrygbord.  xxxiij"  viij''. 
Item  pro  expensis  Ric"  Wrythe  traiismissi  ad   videndum  meremium  iiij"  ij''.     Item  pro   nuncio   cum 

expensis  et  pro  equo  pro  ij  dies  misso  ad  Breudon  Ferry  ad  vidcnduui  meremium  die  ionis  prox 

ante  festum  Pentecosti  xix''  pro  quibus  satisfaciet  Reynor. 
Item   conventum    est  cum  Johanno  Hawky.swell   de  Stamford   pro   vi    mill   de   sclat.   ad   liabond'  ante 

festum   Pentecost'  quod   erit   sufficienter  batryd   et  boryd   et  erit  adeo   bonum  vel   melius   <iuam 

antiquam  sclat  per  eundem  collegio  vendit''  etc. 

1414-15.  Circa  novam  Pistrinam. 

Item  pro  cariagio  duorum  sparys  cum  una  magna  pecia  a  silva.     Reyner  iiij''. 

It',  pro  ii*'«  hagoddays  pro  hostium   nove   pisti'iiie   iij    sclatyers   parochiatus   nostris  de   lUniersham   et 

Grendon  xx''. 
Item  pro  fenestra  vitrea  xij'*. 

Item  pro  petris  viz.  xxvij  ped.  de  Joyntabyl  iijs  iiijii. 
Item  pro  xxv  ped.  de  squarpecys  viij»  iiii"). 
Item  pro  v  pedibus  de  Kyngstable  xv''. 
Item  pro  iiij"^  clavorum  Tynyd  pro  magnis  hostiis  iiij'  viij''. 

Item  pro  ij  magnis  seriz  et  ij  laachys  et  ii.  stapyls  ad  hostia  pistriiie  et  molendini  iiij'  viij"*. 
Item  pro  j  magno   ligno   vocat'   dormaunt  ij  pendaunts   et   ij    brasys   emptis   de   Smyth   de   Brangtre 

xxvj'  viij''. 
Item  pro  v  ceris  ix  clavibus  et  v  hafgooddays  j  laache  iij  stapyls  et  v  lamines  iiij'  iii''. 
Item  pro  j  planch  de  fir  for  moldyngbord  ii". 
Item  pro  j  corbe  pro  magno  blumbo  iii'  iiii''. 


PLATE  A 


24 


VARIOUS   DETAILS 


K^^GS   HOSTEL    DBlNLS 


SOME    THROVGHO/r. 


UKlTifn 


a.  14th  century  wiiiddw.s 

h.  loth 

f,  (/.  Moldings  of  doorways  to  Bowliiig  (irecn 

e,  t,  .'/•  Details  of  entrance  door 

/(.  Beam  in  Bursai-'s  room 


PLATE   B 


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FIRST   FLUOR   PLAN   AS   REMODELLED  (PLATE    F)         30 


TRINITY'  COLLEGE 

ei^sT  nmw,  pjlm  m  MznmuMD. 


BLACK    SCORED 

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BLACK  =  I4'^."CEA(7URY  (t3/£~^o) 

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QREE/N  =  A(E\/lLLES    WORK        C)600 


BROWN 
RED 


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(505-6. 


20 


(PLATE    F)         31 


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AND  VESTIBVLE 


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SECOND   FLOOR   PLAN    A8   KEMOUELLED  (PLATE   G)         32 


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(IM.ATE    G)         :v^ 


3  (^"^ College  SyREEy 
We^tamaisjer,  5  W. 


PLATE   H 


34 


TRINITY  COLLEGE 

KIRGS    HOSTEL 

QrauT^d    floor     PLiri    Gffcit    cbenmj   ccif^ 


f F f F h 


W>rT,Tnpr,,-rirP5-    S.v 


PLATE  J 


35 


TRINITY  COLLEGE 

KmCS    HOSTEL 

lirsh  Hoar  P(art     Uforr    cBcrnn^    oul 


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PLATE   K 


36 


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KinCS    HOSTEL 

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PLATE   L 


37 


TR!Nf.TY  COLIXCE 

KINGS  HOSTEL 


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t(lST     pLEVyATTT^; 


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KEY    PLAN-SUGGESTED   PLAN    BEFORE    1557  (PLATE   M)         38 


KEY    PLAN 


(PLATE    M)       r.g 


ffl 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


5 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


Series  9482 


I 


I 


?'«fl^f, 


*C'[/7V 


